Cheap Desktop Computer Configuration



Here is how to assemble a cheap but powerful desktop computer system suitable for web browsing, video display, photo processing and more. This is by no means the cheapest computer possible. Instead, it attempts to find a sweet spot between great performance and low cost.

Updated: 2024-6-15

Cost

Note: Costs exclude sales tax.
$20 USB Thumb Drives, pack of 5 32GB
$0 Software - Linux Mint, XFCE version
$0 Backup Software - MBU
$90 (Used) Monitor, 1920x1200
$93 (Used) HP 8300 Elite SFF Desktop Computer (includes keyboard and mouse)
$36 Replacement RAM, 16 GB
$0 VGA graphics (comes with the computer)
$107 Solid state disk (SSD), 1 TB
$85 Backup SSD, 1TB
$18 Two USB3.2 Data cables (2 x $9)
$40 Keyboard upgrade (optional, or use the one with the computer)
$0 Mouse (included with computer)
$14 Headset (and/or speakers)
$20 DVD/CD external drive (optional; read-only drive comes with the computer)
$25 WiFi USB dongle (optional, if ethernet is sufficient)
$100 Brother All-in-one Printer/Scanner/Copier (optional)
$25 Printer Ink (optional)
$23 Webcam (optional)

$696 TOTAL (add sales tax, so perhaps $759 in California).
$463 Excluding optionals (with California sales tax, perhaps $505).
$369 Also excluding backup hardware (California, perhaps $402).

USB Thumb Drives

You will need some thumb drives (aka USB keys) for moving modest amounts of data around. Here is a pack of 5 for $20 that I've used:
Pack of 5 32GB Thumb Drives

Software

Why pay for software when volunteers have produced gobs of software intended to be totally free for you? I recommend Linux Mint, which I use every day.

(Possibly using someone else's computer:) Head on over to linuxmint.com and download the latest release installation file. I recommend the XFCE edition, which is what I use. Follow the provided instructions to put the installation file onto a thumb drive.

For more instructions, see Linux Mint Setup.

Backup Software

The term backup refers to making a copy of your data so you don't lose it in case of hardware or software loss or failure. There are many approaches to this, and which approach you take can determine what hardware and software setup you will need.

I am a big fan of making complete bootable backup copies of your "disk drive". This allows you to quickly recover from loss by simply connecting your last backup drive and rebooting. I am such a big fan of this that I wrote software (named MBU) to do this. To use this, you will need to have at least one extra "disk" for a backup copy (although having 2 or more can give more security).

For more information see:
mbu-README.txt
emBuild software site
MBU sourceforge page

Monitor

You are going to be spending a lot of time looking at the monitor. Higher resolution monitors are much easier to use. And it doesn't cost that much more to get higher resolution (in a used monitor). Used monitors have been very reliable in my experience. I recommend 1920x1200 pixel resolution, with a size of at least 22 inches diagonal. (More commonly available are 1920x1028 and lesser resolutions, which you might be satisfied with.)

If you want higher resolution (e.g. 4096) you should probably rethink the entire set of hardware, especially which desktop computer to use. This monitor works with the older VGA graphics standard, which is supported by the recommended desktop computer.

Browse Amazon (or eBay etc.) and see what is currently available used (aka Refurbished). Here is one I found just now that looks like it would do the job and is only $90. Apparently it comes with cables.
Dell UltraSharp U2412M

Here is one I currently use which I really like (great colors...) but is not currently avaiable:
Acer

Desktop Computer

This is the box that is the guts of your system.

I recommend the HP 8300 Elite SFF (SFF stands for "Small Form Factor"). I have two, both of which I bought used and have held up well. This desktop computer was introduced in 2012. They are still available, used, from Amazon for $93. Here is the link:
HP 8300 Elite SFF

The CPU is plenty fast enough for web browsing, document creation, photo processing, etc. So long as you have enough RAM and fast enough "disk" there will be no problem.

Be sure to thorougly test everything when you first get the unit and be prepared to return it if there are any problems. To avoid confusion, I recommend opening the box and unplugging the disk drive immediately.

You can replace the RAM now or later on. If you are using the old RAM, be sure to do a RAM test from the BIOS menus. You can get to the BIOS menus by repeatedly pressing the ESC key while it is powering up.

Plug in the installation thumb drive for Linux Mint, and let it boot up a completely working (if somewhat slow) Linux experience, without actually installing anything. Things to test from there include:
Is the visual experience on the monitor normal?
Keyboard and mouse work?
Can you get on the internet? (might require WiFi, see below).
Can you play youtube videos and is the sound okay on your headset?
Can you play a DVD in the DVD player?
Can you print to a printer?

Replacement RAM

The recommended desktop computer comes with 8GB of RAM. This is quite adequate until you start having a 20 or 30 web pages open at once, when the system will slow to a crawl. I recommend buying 16 GB of replacement RAM.

Picking the correct RAM can be confusing. You might want to wait until you get your computer before ordering new RAM, as you will be able to get along with the RAM it came with for a while. Here is one of many web pages that attempt to explain:
How To Identify...
Also, once you are running Linux, you can use the lshw command in a terminal window and identify some of the specs of the RAM that is installed.

Note that generally you don't need to worry about how fast the RAM is; the slowest RAM is likely to be plenty fast enough.

Here is some cheap ($36) but apparently good enough RAM that I use with the recommended computer:
16 GB RAM

Take out all the RAM that came with the computer. The RAM package above includes two RAM boards; apparently they should go in the first and third slots of the recommended desktop computer.

After ensuring correct performance of the replacement RAM, you can try adding some of the original RAM back in the empty slots (in pairs). If it works, great, otherwise take out the old RAM and be done.

Solid state disk

The recommended computer comes with a 500 GB hard drive. I find this worthless due to the poor performance of hard drives. I strongly recommend replacing with a "solid state disk" (SSD). And it does not cost that much more to upgrade to 1 TB, so I recommend that. Perhaps you will fill up the 1TB eventually!

My recommendation for connectivity that many may find surprising is to use only an external SSD connected by USB. The recommended computer has a number of USB3.0 ports in the rear of the box; the performance is perfectly adequate. (The front of the box has USB2 ports that are too slow.)

I recommend the SanDisk brand due to it's reputation for quality. You do not want to lose your data, do you? I use the following device:
SanDisk 1TB Extreme Portable SSD which is $107.

But the following cheaper ($85) device should be perfectly adequate instead (although I have not used it):
SanDisk 1TB Portable SSD

You will also need a data quality USB3 cable, I use the following ($9):
USB3.2 Data Cable
(Do not use a cheap USB cable; you don't want data corruption issues).

Backup Disk

See discussion above about backup software. The $85 SSD discussed in the section above would be quite adequate. (You will also need another $9 USB data cable. You can leave the USB cables plugged into the computer all the time, detaching only the SSDs).

There are also 512 GB thumb drives that could be used, but would not provide backup for the entire 1 TB. For example, I have used ($55):
LQH Tech 512 GB Thumbdrive . This is not high performance, but okay for backups.

You can also use old hard disk drives with an adapter such as:
SATA to USB Adapter

MBU allows using multiple drives be used for backup, but requires compatible partitioning. Thus if your backup drives are only 512GB then your main drive must not have partitions greater than that.

WiFi Dongle

The recommended computer comes with ethernet connection, no WiFi. You may want or need to buy a cheap WiFi dongle. Not all such dongles are well supported under Linux. I would search the reviews carefully, searching for "linux".

Here is a low performance, 2.4 MHz only version with good reviews for Linux and only $10:
Basic WiFi Dongle

A better performance dongle would probably be about $25 ... I'm not prepared to recommend a specific one at this time.

If your network needs are simply to access the internet, you are probably fine with a low performance dongle. But if you are in an area with a lot of other WiFi devices, you would benefit by having a dongle which also uses the 5 MHz band.

Headset or Speakers

I'm speaking of a headset that includes a microphone on a stalk. I would definitely get a headset as you will get the best sound and it can be used for phone/video calls etc. This is one I use and like, which costs $14:
Headset

You might also get some speakers, to avoid wearing something on your head. It is probably easiest to switch between speakers and headset by manually (re)plugging the desired hardware into the speaker/microphone jacks on the front of the recommended computer.

Keyboard

The recommended computer comes with a new but very cheap USB keyboard. It might be okay for you, but if not, here is what I prefer ($40):
Perixx Periboard-106

Keyboard preference can be very individual, so this may not be best for you.

Mouse

The recommended computer comes with a cheap USB mouse. It will probably be okay for you.

DVD/CD writer

The recommended computer comes with an adequate CD/DVD reader. If you want to write CDs or DVDs, here is a cheap external (USB) device that has worked for me:
External DVD Drive"

Printer

All-in-one printer/scanner/copiers are the way to go. I recommend the Brother brand as Linux support is now good, cheap third party ink has been easy to come by and the printers are pretty reliable. Unfortunately they keep coming out with new models all the time and it is hard to keep up. I believe that you can get a current model for about $100 but make sure you can get cheap third party ink before buying.

Used printers are possible but risky. The printers are fragile and must be handled gently. And the ink in a printer can easily dry up and clog the printer beyond repair. Once used, the printer should always be left plugged in to prevent clogging.

Webcam

Webcams are useful for video calls, e.g. zoom. Here is a good quality, entry level webcam that I've used:
Logi Webcam

Order of Configuration

Configure in the following order:
Install Linux Mint installation file on a thumbdrive.
Take posession of the non-optional hardware. Attach all the hardware except for the SSDs and perhaps some of the optional hardware.
Disconnect the hard disk in the computer. You can remove it if you want.
Test the RAM that came with the computer (or just go ahead and replace if you are confident).
Boot up the installation thumbdrive. Perform basic tests on computer functionality. Run lshw to identify hardware, particularly RAM.
Attach the SSD you purchased as your main "disk". Click on the Install icon and proceed with installation.
Reboot onto the SSD and customize.
Install backup software and make sure you can do backups.